1 Samuel 9:1

Authorized King James Version

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Now there was a man of Benjamin, whose name was Kish, the son of Abiel, the son of Zeror, the son of Bechorath, the son of Aphiah, a Benjamite, a mighty man of power.

Original Language Analysis

וַיְהִי H1961
וַיְהִי
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 1 of 19
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
אִ֣ישׁ Now there was a man H376
אִ֣ישׁ Now there was a man
Strong's: H376
Word #: 2 of 19
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
מִבִּן H0
מִבִּן
Strong's: H0
Word #: 3 of 19
יָמִ֗ין of Benjamin H1144
יָמִ֗ין of Benjamin
Strong's: H1144
Word #: 4 of 19
binjamin, youngest son of jacob; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
וּ֠שְׁמוֹ whose name H8034
וּ֠שְׁמוֹ whose name
Strong's: H8034
Word #: 5 of 19
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
קִ֣ישׁ was Kish H7027
קִ֣ישׁ was Kish
Strong's: H7027
Word #: 6 of 19
kish, the name of five israelites
בֶּן the son H1121
בֶּן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 7 of 19
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
אֲבִיאֵ֞ל of Abiel H22
אֲבִיאֵ֞ל of Abiel
Strong's: H22
Word #: 8 of 19
abiel, the name of two israelites
בֶּן the son H1121
בֶּן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 9 of 19
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
צְר֧וֹר of Zeror H6872
צְר֧וֹר of Zeror
Strong's: H6872
Word #: 10 of 19
a parcel (as packed up); also a kernel or particle (as if a package)
בֶּן the son H1121
בֶּן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 11 of 19
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
בְּכוֹרַ֛ת of Bechorath H1064
בְּכוֹרַ֛ת of Bechorath
Strong's: H1064
Word #: 12 of 19
bekorath, an israelite
בֶּן the son H1121
בֶּן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 13 of 19
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
אֲפִ֖יחַ of Aphiah H647
אֲפִ֖יחַ of Aphiah
Strong's: H647
Word #: 14 of 19
aphiach, an israelite
בֶּן the son H1121
בֶּן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 15 of 19
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
אִ֣ישׁ Now there was a man H376
אִ֣ישׁ Now there was a man
Strong's: H376
Word #: 16 of 19
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
יְמִינִ֑י H3227
יְמִינִ֑י
Strong's: H3227
Word #: 17 of 19
right
גִּבּ֖וֹר a mighty H1368
גִּבּ֖וֹר a mighty
Strong's: H1368
Word #: 18 of 19
powerful; by implication, warrior, tyrant
חָֽיִל׃ of power H2428
חָֽיִל׃ of power
Strong's: H2428
Word #: 19 of 19
probably a force, whether of men, means or other resources; an army, wealth, virtue, valor, strength

Analysis & Commentary

Now there was a man of Benjamin, whose name was Kish, the son of Abiel, the son of Zeror, the son of Bechorath, the son of Aphiah, a Benjamite, a mighty man of power.

The narrative shifts dramatically from Samuel's prophetic ministry to introduce Saul's lineage with careful genealogical precision. The Hebrew phrase gibbor chayil ('mighty man of power') describes Kish as a man of substance, wealth, and social standing, establishing that Israel's first king would emerge from respectable stock. The tribe of Benjamin, though smallest among the tribes (Judges 21:3), held strategic significance, situated between the powerful tribes of Ephraim and Judah. This five-generation genealogy grounds Saul's identity in Israel's covenant community while subtly highlighting that God's choice would not follow human expectations. The detailed lineage serves as literary foreshadowing: just as this genealogy traces back through generations, God's sovereign plan has been unfolding through history toward this pivotal moment when Israel would receive their king.

Historical Context

Benjamin's territory served as a buffer zone between the northern and southern tribes, making it politically advantageous for Israel's first king to come from this neutral tribe. Archaeological evidence from the period (c. 1050 BCE) shows Benjamite settlements were modest compared to larger tribal centers, confirming the tribe's smaller stature while maintaining strategic importance along major trade routes.

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